What is the name of the route enslaved Africans traveled from West Africa to the Americas?

The establishment of slavery is not a recent miracle. Most civilizations have adept some grade of human bondage and servitude, and African empires were no different (Figure). Dearth or fear of stronger enemies might force one tribe to inquire some other for help and give themselves in a type of bondage in exchange. Like to the European serf system, those seeking protection, or relief from starvation, would become the servants of those who provided relief. Debt might too be worked off through a form of servitude. Typically, these servants became a part of the extended tribal family. There is some evidence of chattel slavery, in which people are treated every bit personal property to be bought and sold, in the Nile Valley. Information technology appears there was a slave-trade route through the Sahara that brought sub-Saharan Africans to Rome, which had slaves from all over the world.

Traders with a grouping of slaves. Note how the slaves are connected at the neck. Muslim traders brought slaves to the North African coast, where they might be sent to Europe or other parts of Africa.

Arab slave trading, which exchanged slaves for goods from the Mediterranean, existed long before Islam's spread across North Africa. Muslims later on expanded this trade and enslaved not only Africans but also Europeans, especially from Espana, Sicily, and Italy. Male captives were forced to build coastal fortifications and serve equally galley slaves. Women were added to the harem.

The major European slave trade began with Portugal'due south exploration of the west declension of Africa in search of a merchandise route to the East. By 1444, slaves were beingness brought from Africa to work on the sugar plantations of the Madeira Islands, off the coast of modern Morocco. The slave trade then expanded greatly as European colonies in the New Earth demanded an ever-increasing number of workers for the all-encompassing plantations growing tobacco, sugar, and eventually rice and cotton fiber (Figure).

This map shows the routes that were used in the class of the slave merchandise and the number of enslaved people who traveled each route. As the figures indicate, about African slaves were leap for Brazil and the Caribbean. While West Africans made up the vast bulk of the enslaved, the east coast of Africa, too, supplied slaves for the merchandise.

In the New Globe, the institution of slavery assumed a new aspect when the mercantilist system demanded a permanent, identifiable, and plentiful labor supply. African slaves were both hands identified (past their skin color) and plentiful, considering of the thriving slave merchandise. This led to a race-based slavery system in the New World unlike any bondage system that had come before. Initially, the Spanish tried to strength Indians to subcontract their crops. Most Spanish and Portuguese settlers coming to the New World were gentlemen and did not perform physical labor. They came to "serve God, but as well to go rich," as noted by Bernal Díaz del Castillo. However, enslaved natives tended to sicken or die from disease or from the overwork and cruel treatment they were subjected to, so the indigenous peoples proved not to be a dependable source of labor. Although he afterward repented of his ideas, the great defender of the Indians, Bartolomé de Las Casas, seeing the well-nigh extinction of the native population, suggested the Spanish transport black (and white) laborers to the Indies. These workers proved hardier, and within fifty years, a change took identify: The profitability of the African slave trade, coupled with the seemingly limitless number of potential slaves and the Catholic Church's denunciation of the enslavement of Christians, led race to become a dominant factor in the establishment of slavery.

In the English colonies along the Atlantic coast, indentured servants initially filled the need for labor in the North, where family unit farms were the norm. In the S, however, labor-intensive crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo prevailed, and eventually the supply of indentured servants was insufficient to meet the demand. These workers served only for periods of iii to seven years before beingness freed; a more permanent labor supply was needed. Thus, whereas in Africa permanent, inherited slavery was unknown, and children of those bound in slavery to the tribe ordinarily were costless and intermarried with their captors, this changed in the Americas; slavery became permanent, and children born to slaves became slaves. This development, along with slavery'south identification with race, forever changed the establishment and shaped its unique character in the New Earth.

The Ancestry of Racial Slavery

Slavery has a long history. The aboriginal Greek philosopher Aristotle posited that some peoples were homunculi, or humanlike but not really people—for instance, if they did not speak Greek. Both the Bible and the Koran sanction slavery. Vikings who raided from Ireland to Russia brought dorsum slaves of all nationalities. During the Middle Ages, traders from the interior of Africa brought slaves along well-established routes to sell them along the Mediterranean coast. Initially, slavers too brought European slaves to the Caribbean. Many of these were orphaned or homeless children captured in the cities of Republic of ireland. The question is, when did slavery become based on race? This appears to have adult in the New Globe, with the introduction of gruelingly labor-intensive crops such as sugar and coffee. Unable to fill their growing need from the ranks of prisoners or indentured servants, the European colonists turned to African laborers. The Portuguese, although seeking a trade route to India, likewise prepare upward forts along the West African coast for the purpose of exporting slaves to Europe. Historians believe that by the year 1500, ten percent of the population of Lisbon and Seville consisted of black slaves. Considering of the influence of the Catholic Church, which frowned on the enslavement of Christians, European slave traders expanded their achieve down the coast of Africa.

When Europeans settled Brazil, the Caribbean, and N America, they thus established a system of racially based slavery. Here, the demand for a massive labor force was greater than in western Europe. The state was ripe for growing carbohydrate, coffee, rice, and ultimately cotton. To fulfill the ever-growing demand for these crops, large plantations were created. The success of these plantations depended upon the availability of a permanent, plentiful, identifiable, and skilled labor supply. As Africans were already familiar with animal husbandry as well equally farming, had an identifying peel colour, and could be readily supplied by the existing African slave trade, they proved the reply to this need. This process set the stage for the expansion of New Earth slavery into North America.

peltoncourest.blogspot.com

Source: https://opened.cuny.edu/courseware/module/312/overview